list of basic shell commands commonly used in Unix-like operating systems:
- cd: Change directory.
- ls: List directory contents.
- pwd: Print working directory.
- mkdir: Create a new directory.
- touch: Create a new empty file or update the timestamp of an existing file.
- cp: Copy files and directories.
- mv: Move or rename files and directories.
- rm: Remove files and directories.
- cat: Concatenate and display the contents of files.
- more or less: View file contents one page at a time.
- head: Display the first lines of a file.
- tail: Display the last lines of a file.
- grep: Search for patterns in files.
- find: Search for files and directories based on various criteria.
- chmod: Change file permissions.
- chown: Change file ownership.
- chgrp: Change group ownership of a file.
- echo: Display a line of text or the value of a variable.
- man: Display the manual page of a command.
- history: Display a list of previously executed commands.
- ssh: Secure Shell – connect to a remote server securely.
- scp: Securely copy files between local and remote systems.
- wget: Download files from the web.
- tar: Create or extract tar archives.
- gzip or gunzip: Compress or decompress files using gzip.
- zip or unzip: Create or extract zip archives.
- ping: Send ICMP echo requests to a network host.
- ifconfig or ip: Configure network interfaces.
- ps: Display information about running processes.
- kill: Terminate processes by their process ID.
You can find more information about each command by using the man command followed by the command name, e.g., man ls for the manual page of the ls command.